5 Management Principles and Concepts - 1239 Words

5 Management Principles/Concepts Management is the concept of getting work done through others. This concept began evolving in the 1880’s from being ideas and practices into a field of study. In Chuck Williams’ recent edition of â€Å"Management†, he establishes that there were several instrumental influences on the paradigm shift in the field of management. Those parties include but are not limited to, Fredrick Taylor, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Henry Gantt, and Henri Fayol. These parties developed and engineered complimentary principles, ideas, and tools of management, which have been given significant credit in the foundation of management as a field of study. Using the parties listed above as a foundation for my research I have†¦show more content†¦Recruiting the right people who bring diverse levels of knowledge and understanding as well as the appropriate personality to jive well with their new co-workers is conducive to a positive team oriented work environment. Developing team effectiveness is a fivefold process which some may say begins with effective recruiting by setting the stage for team development, establishing team cohesiveness, team norms, team size, and ultimately trying to minimize team conflicts. Companies segregate themselves into small teams they call departments, and for any department to perform at its peak the team will not only have to have diverse skills and knowledge, but also be able to work well together to produce favorable outcomes. The concept of developing an effective team has resonated with me over this quarter as the company I work for has begun to hire a large number of new associates as a result of a new contract with a big name company, which we signed earlier in the year. Working closely with my boss, the company’s CFO, we have determined that we need to make some additions to our small finance team. The knowledge of what it takes to establish an effective team has helped me provide critical personality specification as well as job specifications that I feel would be essential for joiningShow MoreRelatedNature, Scope and Role of Managers1026 Words   |  5 PagesNature, Scope And Role Of Managers Management Definition, Nature, Scope And Role Of Managers Presented By Group No. 1 (Stephen Covey) Member’s Name:- ATUL MISHRA (COORDINATOR) SANGHARSH KUMAR RAJEEV KR. SHARMA SHAILENDRA RAKESH SINGH CHANDEL 6. JEETENDRA RAI OBJECTIVES:- : OBJECTIVES:- After this presentation you will be able to define – Management Nature of Management Scope of Management Functions Of Management Role Of Managers About Stephen Covey : About Stephen Covey Birth- StephenRead MoreGaap Assignment-Chapter 1†¦. 1.Business Entity Concept-.927 Words   |  4 PagesGAAP ASSIGNMENT-Chapter 1†¦ 1. Business Entity Concept- The Business Entity concept describes that deals and transactions related to a profession must be discrete from its business men(owners) and other business. For this, it requires that the data of the particular organisation and company must exclude the assets of other owners. The business entity is therefore considered to be distinct from its owners for the purpose of accounting. EXP. The owner of a business OR vocation loans $200,000 to hisRead MoreOrganizational Management Approach Analysis : Organization1550 Words   |  7 PagesORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT APPROACH ANALYSIS 1 Organization Management Approach Analysis Shweta Hallen ORG 502 – Effective Organization: Theory and Practice Colorado State University – Global Campus Dr. Claudia Santin December 01, 2015 ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT APPROACH ANALYSIS 2 Organizational Management Approach Analysis The following analysis examines the organizational approach to management that I work for. Since many of the approaches to management are based on historical approaches to management, thisRead MoreThe Impact Of Scientific Management On Manufacturing Sector And Other Sectors1584 Words   |  7 Pagesthat is directly related to the usefulness of Scientific Management in manufacturing sector. The concept of scientific management has been well-developed in the past decades. The manufacturing sector was the first to adopt scientific management and this phenomenon has been adopted, later on, in other sectors as well. (Jones, 2000). The primary purpose of this essay is to evaluate the role of scientific management in manufacturing sector and other sectors as well. The paper focusesRead MorePublic Administration1077 Words   |  5 PagesMidterm Essay: Classical Organizational Theory Liberty University February 5, 2014 Midterm Essay: Classical Organizational Theory Classical Organizational Theory deals with the systematic processes necessary to make bureaucracy more efficient and effective. Name three scholars that are credited with the development of classical organization thought that most correctly fit into this definition of Classical Organizational Theory. What were the basic arguments articulated by each in their contributionsRead MoreThe Management Philosophy of Gemba Kaizen Essay1079 Words   |  5 PagesWestern style management it is more common to seek huge leaps. In Japanese style Kaizen businesses must try to eliminate anything that is inefficient thus cutting waste. Imai gives impressive examples from real world situations and supports them with case studies that show Kaizen in work. Discussion 1) The theme. Gemba Kaizen is divided into two major parts. The first part is well organized and deeply explained, very easy to read and understand overview of lean management concepts. AuthorRead MoreManaging An Effective Workforce Ie People Essay1512 Words   |  7 Pages‘production and getting the work done’, but now it is a major management function that explores several activities that are vital to effectively manage employees. Years ago, during the Factory Era or the Industrial Revolution period, the focus was on mass production and specialization. The Production Era then focused on the Scientific Management Movement that meant exclusively improving productivity and manufacturing methods. This was when the concept of Fordism was introduced. Today, we are a part of theRead MoreService Quality And Quality Management Essay1510 Words   |  7 Pages Total quality management depend mainly on quality control tools and previously developed quality techniques. It’s a process of continuous quality improvement which finally results in high quality products or service for customers. Total quality is the related with customer satisfaction.it includes the steps plan, do, act, check these steps which combinely known as total quality management. Servqual model is otherwise called as servqual service qualityRead MoreManagement Theory and Practice1736 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Resource management school of business Management theory and practice – assignment one Name: Taonga Emily mbuzi Computer numb: 1021 Tutor: Mr. Muleya INTRODUCTION Management is a process of working with and through others to achieve organizational objectives within a changing environment. (Kreitner R. 2007, p. 5) it has approaches, theories, principles which need to be learnt in order that we understand the nature of management properly and asRead MoreScientific Management1485 Words   |  6 Pages2. Describe and evaluate the key elements of Frederick Taylor s approach to scientific management’ and comment on its applicability in contemporary organisations (You might select a particular industry or occupational area for this analysis). Introduction Covey (2007) said the backbone of successful organizations can be traced to its management, and whoever that is providing direction for it. In a time when firms first jumped on the capitalism bandwagon, it was becoming increasingly prevalent

Women s Portrayal Of Women - 1952 Words

It is strange how one director can convey two entirely different depictions of women. Due to the time period in which Hitchcock filmed Vertigo and Psycho, women had limited capability in regards to what they could do in a film. Women could not be action heroes; in fact they were often depicted as damsels in distress. The easiest answer to this sort of prejudice is that it was a reflection of the culture of the 50s and 60s. Although this is partially true, it does not excuse the fact that male directors made misogynistic choices that could have been remedied without being considered radical or societally unacceptable. The inconsistencies in Hitchcock’s portrayal of women reveals this much, as shown by a study in the narrative, mise-en-scÄâ€"ne, and cinematography of Vertigo (1958) and Psycho (1960). The main female character in Vertigo is two people, in a sense, but even this duplicity does not help her gain control in the film’s narrative. Judy Barton is the woman s’ real name, but she spends the first half of the movie charading as Madeleine Elster. One of the first scenes in which we see ‘Madeleine’ is when John is stalking her at the request of Gavin Elster. The cinematography of this sequence reveals a lot about their relationship and how John objectifies Madeleine and Judy. As John follows her from the flower store to the graveyard to the museum, Madeleine is almost always shown from afar, in long shots, and almost never takes up the whole frame. This is all filmed fromShow MoreRelatedWomen s Portrayal Of Women Essay1307 Words   |  6 PagesEvil, Underworld it was evident that women were negatively portrayed in films. Examples of such negative roles are that women are hypersexualized, cast in stereotypical roles and are considered less valuable because of age. Even though more films are casting older women, creating less stereotypical and sexually objective roles, the majority of films still capture women in a negative light. First, women in the film are often hypersexualized. In other words, women are often cast in roles which seemRead MoreWomen s Portrayal Of Women Essay981 Words   |  4 PagesWoman’s portrayal has changed over the years. In history, there was times where women were deprived of men s privileges, and fortunately things changed over the years. Men s perception on women has changed over the years as well. In history, women were treated as if they were alive to compliment men, and just be in the background while men thrived. There were â€Å"expectations† that women would have to depict, and stepping out of the ordinary was not respectable. A great way to see the changes of theRead MoreWomen s Portrayal Of Women2098 Words   |  9 PagesThe portrayal of women in advertisements has changed many times over the years. Women often appear as a sexual object in any kind of advertisement or as an attractive material standing nearby a product. Many companies which include the tob acco industry, alcohol companies as well as clothing and electronic and entertainment industries have used women to reach a target demographic which is typically males between the age of 18-34, in order to sell or market a specific brand. Advertisements objectifyRead MoreWomen s Portrayal Of Women927 Words   |  4 Pages My depiction of women in some of the stories showed them as weak and powerless. The women only existed to please people. The characters in the stories portrayed women as tools to use for their own convenience. The stories portray women as sexualized and used by many people. The women never speak out against any rule or regulation; instead, they nod and agree with whatever someone says. Like puppets, the women in these stories only existed for someone to enjoy physically or for them to help someoneRead MoreWomen s Portrayal Of Women And Their Eras1368 Words   |  6 Pagestheir portrayal of women and their eras. To be feminine was to be the ‘prefect’ lady and young girls are  taught to submit to authority and matrimony. As a result, women are  regarded as incompatible to their male counterparts. Female roles in literature were to follow the customs of marriage, for marriage meant social success. To be unmarried is considered a failure as a woman, cursed to be a victim of society. Through out this essay we will discuss the mistreatment towards unmarried women and theRead MoreWomen s Portrayal Of Women1865 Words   |  8 PagesWe aren’t trapped in the 1950’s. Women have the right to vote and can be the breadwinner of their families. Television shows should and do portray women as go- getters who aren’t expected to stay home to cook and clean for the families. There is not anything wrong with being a stay at home mom, but it would do women a disservice to only portray them on television as the one who provides for the family. Currently, there are shows on television that present women in various roles tha t teach about feminismRead MoreWomen s Portrayal Of Women Essay2705 Words   |  11 Pagesabout women in ways that objectify and try to control them because back then women were not given much agency in society. The women that are being portrayed in this type of literature about unrequited love are seen as extremely flat characters who are just the objects of affections for the narrator. This is problematic as it just portrays women as someone for the narrator of the poem to pin over although women are so much more than that. However, there are some authors trying to empower women and acknowledgeRead MoreWomen s Portrayal Of Women Essay1907 Words   |  8 PagesThe portrayal of women in media has never quite aligned with the reality of how women view themselves. Magazine covers are dominated with perfect women, who rarely range in skin diversity or physical appearance in general. They all adorn the same beautiful flowing hair, with the same small dainty facial feature, the similar waist lines, and wear the same form-fitting clothes that accentuate either their real curves or photoshopped bodies. The insincerity of it all, is when you realize that theseRead MoreMedia s Portrayal Of Women1588 Words   |  7 Pages Media represents males and females by gendering them in different categories. According to a presentation, the author states, â€Å"Media perceives women in a very sexual manner whereas men are symbolized as powerful (Khan). Over and over again, the one thing that the media reveals is that women are very sexual beings. They show that they are only good for taking care of the home and the man is very powerful. For example, the author on the presentation shows a ad that a man is in a life guard outfitRead MoreMedia s Portrayal Of Women1190 Words   |  5 Pageswith appearance and numb to sexism, it comes as no surprise that women are expressing hate for their bodies more than ever before. Mass media’s portrayal of women is one of unattainabl e perfection— most models are stick thin with flawless complexions and pearl-white smiles. Consumers are bombarded with images of women being displayed as sex objects, valued for their physical appearance above all else. The evasiveness of media has led women to believe they must resemble the models pictured in advertisements

Review of Article on Vehicle Routing Problem with LP

Question: Discuss about Review of Article on Vehicle Routing problem with LP ? Answer: Introduction: Linear programing finds vast applications in engineering as well as in several day to day applications. The current discussion is about the vehicle routing problem solution algorithm. The particular characteristic of this problem is the usage of the time windows and forbidden paths as part of the mainstream solutions. The objectives of the problem include determination of the optimal set of routes used by the fleet of vehicles to serve a given set of customers on a predefined path. Objectives: The specific objectives of the problem include minimization of the travelling times and distances. Also it includes minimization of the operational cost as well(Descrochers, Descrosiers, Solomon, 1992). Given data and the constraints: There is provision to use forbidden path constraints as well in the given problem. Basically time windows are used to formulate the problem as well there are procedures included to make vehicle routing indicated by earliest and latest times for the customers to permit the start of the service. Time windows are the constraints in the problems. Customer declared or chosen time windows are the constraints that work in this type of problems and the algorithm generated is flexible to embrace a range of such time windows. Methodology employed: LP relaxation of the set partitioning formulation of the VRPTW (Vehicle routing problem with time windows) is done and subsequently is solved by column generation procedures. Specific observations: The solution provided in the problem is a optimization algorithm for VRPTW, which is found to be capable of optimally solving problems of any size. Typically the problems of size larger than any of the previously seen in the literature can be solved using the algorithm proposed in the research article. The results of the computations and the observations of the graphs and the results are indicated in the solution. Remarks: The new optimization algorithm of column generation model proposed in this solution for a set partitioning formulation for the VRPTW is very versatile and can be applicable to a variety of practical sized benchmark test problems. Generally the size of the problem that can be solved will reduce drastically with the increase in the complexity of the constraints however the column generation approach of solving the problem is immune from such problems, the technique employs complex constraints by incorporating the hardest constraints at key points of the solution procedure employed. Even the approach is flexible enough to yield solutions which are near-optimal in nature by early termination of the algorithms. It is also possible to use multiple time windows for the same customer and this can be modelled by using as many nodes as time windows for each customer. Also the article solution procedure provided is based on the assumption of homogeneous fleet assumptions. The solution consist o f assuming free number of vehicles, which mean that the fleet size is determined simultaneously with the best set of routes and schedules. Demerits: The technique will cease to be competitive if applied in the environments where several customers are visiting the same route. Degeneracy will become a problem in such cases, this follows by increase in the density of the LP. References: Descrochers, M., Descrosiers, J., Solomon, M. (1992). A New optimization Algorithm for the vehicle Routing problem with Time windows. Operations Research, 40(2), 342-354.

Mode God hey Essays - Music Industry, Fuck, Interjections

Mode: God: hey SomeDirtyLibyan: hi Mode: God: what's up SomeDirtyLibyan: chilling Mode: God: what have u been up to? u havent been in the discord as much lateley SomeDirtyLibyan: I'm working on shit SomeDirtyLibyan: I keep telling you Mode: God: your working on the brokerage idea, the mmr idea, and the youtube thing right Mode: God: ? SomeDirtyLibyan: yes fuck SomeDirtyLibyan: I'm also doing homework and living my life Mode: God: what are the youtube videos gonna be? SomeDirtyLibyan: I really don't want to talk to you right now Mode: God: y SomeDirtyLibyan: Because I haven't wanted to talk to you in weeks Mode: God: y SomeDirtyLibyan: Because you're being a fucking asshole SomeDirtyLibyan: And when I told you about it SomeDirtyLibyan: You said you didn't give a shit SomeDirtyLibyan: And now I hear that you lied to Mikey, and that YOU made him think that I STOLE YOU AWAY FROM HIM and that YOU FUCKING LET HIM THINK THAT SomeDirtyLibyan: You think you're a good person SomeDirtyLibyan: But that was a *really* shitty thing to do SomeDirtyLibyan: Worse than anything I've ever heard you say about the assholes in your school SomeDirtyLibyan: Shame on you, Ryan SomeDirtyLibyan: Really SomeDirtyLibyan: I'm actually disgusted by you right now SomeDirtyLibyan: And the ONLY reason I haven't brought it up before, was because at least I am enough of a human being *not* to bring it up in front of other people SomeDirtyLibyan: I'm almost impressed SomeDirtyLibyan: I literally cannot think of anything anyone else has ever done that demonstrates a distinct lack of respect for their friends SomeDirtyLibyan: Shut up SomeDirtyLibyan: Stop typing Mode: God: is there anything more you want to say? SomeDirtyLibyan: No SomeDirtyLibyan: Because SomeDirtyLibyan: As I said before SomeDirtyLibyan: I don't want to talk to you right now Mode: God: ok well, i think you will feel better if u talk to me now and we resolve this. Unless u need to go SomeDirtyLibyan: Ryan SomeDirtyLibyan: I don't respect you SomeDirtyLibyan: Atall SomeDirtyLibyan: Why the fuck do you think I want to talk to you? SomeDirtyLibyan: Explain to me why I should want to talk to you Mode: God: I mean what makes you want to talk to me or not is your decision not mine. I'm just saying when you thought I was acting like an asshole and then I talked to you I was really mad at you, but I didn't want to bring it up to you cuz i was so angry at you. Time has passed and know I feel like I can talk to you about our problems. I didn't like how you were acting and because of that I started acting negativley towards you as well. With the mikey sitation, call me a pyschopath, but I don't think I did anything wrong and I wasn't trying to do anything wrong. I feel like mikey misinterpreted my actions and took it as an assault on him. I can't talk to him about it cuz he removed me on everything. I think you ignoring me isn't gonna solve any problem and then bottling up those feelings over time is just going to make things worse. So why talk to me right now? I think it might make you feel relief from releasing this current bottle of yours and whatever you feel like in the future , at least it is out of the bottle SomeDirtyLibyan: Are you fucking kidding? SomeDirtyLibyan: You think you make me upset? SomeDirtyLibyan: Jesus SomeDirtyLibyan: Ryan SomeDirtyLibyan: I'm not going to say what I was about to say SomeDirtyLibyan: I don't want to destroy all your confidence Mode: God: dude Mode: God: just say it SomeDirtyLibyan: No SomeDirtyLibyan: Shut the fuck up SomeDirtyLibyan: Stop telling me what to do SomeDirtyLibyan: I won't say it SomeDirtyLibyan: You should be thanking me SomeDirtyLibyan: Now Mode: God: "You think you make me upset?" also, i think i have been making you upset, othewise you wouldn't be acting this way SomeDirtyLibyan: I realized that I don't want to be around you SomeDirtyLibyan: I'm not mad SomeDirtyLibyan: I don't want to be around you SomeDirtyLibyan: There's a difference Mode: God: anything more? SomeDirtyLibyan: Ryan SomeDirtyLibyan: I just don't like talking to you SomeDirtyLibyan: I haven't liked talking to you in months SomeDirtyLibyan: Do you really think I didn't realize that you were mad at me when we were talking? SomeDirtyLibyan: Of course I fucking know SomeDirtyLibyan: D you think I'm fucking stupid SomeDirtyLibyan: ? Mode: God: so what do you want to do now? SomeDirtyLibyan: What are you trying to accomplish here? Mode: God: I'm trying to figure out

Free Essays on PC

One of the most innovative and exciting fields in our current society is the PC industry. In the last thirty years, the computer industry has developed at an astounding rate- nearly two out of three people over the age of 18 in the US either own or have access to a computer on a regular basis. This incredible invention, however, is the result of inauspicious beginnings and inept primary marketing by one of the most successful manufacturers of personal computers- Apple. Despite disastrous losses in the 80s and 90s to their main competitor, IBM, Apple recently re-vamped the entire company- focusing on marketing and product developmentand introduced the iMac in 1998- the most successful personal computer launch ever. Despite this success, the rapid rate of development within the computer industry indicates that Apple must analyze their previous marketing techniques in order to maintain the high level of success achieved in the late twentieth century. The PC was invented on April Fool’s Day in 1976. The two inventors, Steven Jobs and Stephan Wozniak, were working out of a garage and possessed very little knowledge of the importance of marketing in successful product production and distribution. They were primarily interested in their products- showing â€Å"little concern for its markets.† The introduction of IBM in 1981, however, was a strong wakeup call for the unprofessional company- forcing them into competition against strong and well-managed opponents. For several years after IBM launched its first PC, it dominated the market- focusing on a synergistic relationship with Microsoft. After hearing the dire predictions regarding the probability of Apple surviving IBM domination, Steven Jobs realized that professional marketing help was vital. John Scully, a professional in marketing, concluded that Apple desperately needed a keen update on its marketing-product strategies. The resulting solution consisted of diffe... Free Essays on PC Free Essays on PC One of the most innovative and exciting fields in our current society is the PC industry. In the last thirty years, the computer industry has developed at an astounding rate- nearly two out of three people over the age of 18 in the US either own or have access to a computer on a regular basis. This incredible invention, however, is the result of inauspicious beginnings and inept primary marketing by one of the most successful manufacturers of personal computers- Apple. Despite disastrous losses in the 80s and 90s to their main competitor, IBM, Apple recently re-vamped the entire company- focusing on marketing and product developmentand introduced the iMac in 1998- the most successful personal computer launch ever. Despite this success, the rapid rate of development within the computer industry indicates that Apple must analyze their previous marketing techniques in order to maintain the high level of success achieved in the late twentieth century. The PC was invented on April Fool’s Day in 1976. The two inventors, Steven Jobs and Stephan Wozniak, were working out of a garage and possessed very little knowledge of the importance of marketing in successful product production and distribution. They were primarily interested in their products- showing â€Å"little concern for its markets.† The introduction of IBM in 1981, however, was a strong wakeup call for the unprofessional company- forcing them into competition against strong and well-managed opponents. For several years after IBM launched its first PC, it dominated the market- focusing on a synergistic relationship with Microsoft. After hearing the dire predictions regarding the probability of Apple surviving IBM domination, Steven Jobs realized that professional marketing help was vital. John Scully, a professional in marketing, concluded that Apple desperately needed a keen update on its marketing-product strategies. The resulting solution consisted of diffe...

Why Are Young People Predisposed to Negative Influence

Why Are Young People Predisposed to Negative Influence Raising children is never easy. It takes a lot of time, patience, and understanding to make sure your children end up on the right path. Raising children is never easy. It takes a lot of time, patience, and understanding to make sure your children end up on the right path. While you might do everything you can to teach them the right way to behave and live life, that doesnt mean that there isnt a chance that something isnt going to cause them to stray. Many people feel that some children are more rebellious by nature. They think that it doesnt matter what the parents say or do because children are going to behave a certain way regardless of what you teach them. That isnt necessarily the case. Children End Up Being Rebellious for Many Reasons When children act up, many end up saying it is because they were born that way and it is just their nature. While this might be a simple way out, it isnt the case. No child is born rebellious or wants to act out of control. It is something that they pick up on over the years. Children tend to be rebellious for a number of other factors. SEXUAL CONTENT ON TV HAS A NEGATIVE IMPACT ON TEENAGERS Something like having their parents divorce can cause a child to become rebellious. They act out because they want attention and dont feel like they are getting enough attention now that one parent is out of the home. It is a cry for help. They are letting you know that there is something going on emotionally and they need a little extra help to get through the ordeal. They arent acting up and going against you because they are hard-wired that way. By taking the time to learn whats really going on beneath the surface, you can begin the healing process and help turn things around for your child. It only takes your being willing to listen and work with them to get things going in the right direction once again. Rebellion Doesnt Equal Negative Influences While all children are going to push the boundaries at some point in time or another, that doesnt mean that they are always going to be that way. Many associate rebellious children as those who are always going to do the wrong thing and hang out with the wrong crowd. Sure, that might happen every now and again, but it isnt necessarily the norm. There are a number of rebellious children who have a lot of positive influences in their life on a regular basis. In fact, they were probably just like their peer group at one point. That is  until something happened that changed their life around and caused an upset in it. Negative Influences Are Everywhere As much as you might want your children only to hang with the right crowds and do the right things, you cannot control everything going on in their lives. There will always be negative influences out there for your children to deal with on a regular basis. The key is being able to teach them the differences between what is right and what is wrong and helping guide them on the right path. Even though you arent always going to be there to make the decisions for them, you can try to help in any way you can by preparing them for what they might face on a regular basis. SINGLE-PARENT CHILDREN BEHAVIOUR Negative influences will always be around. Whether it be in the form of peer pressure, a co-worker, friend, family member or something else, you cannot escape it. The only thing you can do is to take the time to make sure your children know what they should or shouldnt be doing and how to deal with any negative situations that might arise. Growing up is difficult enough already. By taking the time to try and prepare your children for everything the world holds in store for them as they grow older, you can make things a little easier and far less stressful. Remember, no child sets out to be rebellious. There is always something else going on beneath the surface that you need to address.

Report to a potential investor, comparing and analyzing two companies' Essay

Report to a potential investor, comparing and analyzing two companies' current and previous years group figures in the annual report for the year ended 2012 - Essay Example It is the parent company of Sainsbury Supermarkets Ltd involved in the retailing business in UK and other parts of the world. With a market share of over 16.5%, it is one of the leading chains in the market catering to the various needs of the customers. Tesco Ltd is the market leader in the retailing industry in UK with major share in the market. It is also the third largest retailer in the world in terms of revenue and has its operations outside United Kingdom also. Over the period of time, Tesco has served the diversified needs of its customers in UK as well as other global markets. As compared to 2011, there has been a positive growth in the revenue of Sainsbury of 5.3%. Revenue for the year 2011 was  £21,102(M) whereas for 2012, it was  £22,294(M). As compared to Sainsbury, Tesco’s revenue however grew by 6.8% indicating that Tesco has been better at improving its turnover for the year. There could be different factors resulting into this higher growth of Tesco because it is a global firm with presence in more international markets as compared to Sainsbury. Tesco is present in countries like India and China thus offering it much needed leverage against the difficult economic situations prevailing in UK and other developed world. In order to effectively shield itself against market movements, Sainsbury therefore needs to diversify its market presence to generate more value for its shareholders. Gross Profit margin for Sainsbury has declined from 5.5% to 5.4% however this reduction may not be large. Tesco’s gross profit margin has declined too from 8.5% to 8.2% showing a relatively larger reduction in the gross profit margin as compared to Sainsbury. It may therefore be a result of higher level of inflation prevailing in United Kingdom and other global markets. Profit margin of Sainsbury has declined from 3.0% to 2.7% whereas the

The history of the trumpet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The history of the trumpet - Essay Example However, this is only the recorded history and the presence of trumpet can be older. Initially trumpet was not used as a musical instrument, but for martial and religious purposes. Historically, trumpets were of grand importance as militarily, they were employed by trumpeters for delivering commands to troops present at far away distances. Bugle, a form of trumpet is used in place of trumpet in today’s military just as a conventional instrument. Trumpet as a musical instrument go through betterment during the middle Ages and Renaissance (Downey 29). The technique of designing and crafting the trumpet also got better with time. This paper elaborates the historical presence and importance of trumpet and traces it back to its origin. Trumpet has got the reputation of highest register in terms of brass musical instruments. Historically, trumpet is among the oldest most musical instruments. When a trumpet is used, a buzzing sound is created that is made by blowing air with the supp ort of a whistling posture of the lips. The trumpet that is found today is made up with brass tubing that is a quality that it gained after the fifteenth century. It is present in many forms nowadays and is used as a musical instrument while its historic form was not altogether musical (Tarr 62). During the sixteenth century, military and courts both used the trumpets for their own purposes. Usage of trumpet started becoming famous in Germany during the sixteenth century. The ending of this century marks the usage of trumpet in musical terms and before this, it was mostly used for courtly and military reasons. Initially, the trumpeters made use of low pitched sounds, but later on, they also made use of high pitched sounds. The musicians also started to use diversified harmonic series (Brownlow 78). The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries saw the heighted version of the trumpet. Famous composers like Leopold and Michael were famous in terms of their musical compositions. For courtly purposes, the D and C keys in trumpets were employed while for military purposes, Eb and F keys in trumpets were employed. Diverse registers of trumpets were played by the musicians of the era (Barclay 46). When the valves were introduced to the trumpet, the interest of musicians in the usage of trumpet increased. In the nineteenth century, the trumpet was no more a common musical instrument as it became an orchestral instrument. At this time, the F key in trumpet along with crooks were employed that made the trumpet more interesting as a musical instrument (Tarr 93). The shape and form of trumpet had improvements with the passage of time. The valves took the place of crooks with the time and improvement of the trumpet as a musical instrument. The size of the trumpet also saw transformations. The improvements in the trumpet enabled the musicians to play the trumpet with much ease and sound (Wallace & McGrattan 116). The trumpet’s first known form was Alphorn that was constru cted by means of a tree trunk. The trumpet has high pitched sound and big appearance. It was generally employed for flocking cattle, beckoning groups of people, religious preaching and war related messages by military. The 17th century that was also called baroque era saw the transformation of Alphorn into trumpet (Smither 358). The initial trumpets were called natural trumpets, which was constructed by means of metal. Previously, tree trunk was used in place of metal. The trumpets that were created then were in form of elongated cylindrical tubes having a

Commercial Internet Sites Essay Example for Free

Commercial Internet Sites Essay Go to at least 15 commercial Internet sites such as Yahoo!, MSN, and About.com. Document information on the types of attempts (such as pop-up windows and advertisements) that influence the viewer, including counting the number of references toward social shaping. The websites you consult should be listed in a reference list at the end of the newsletter. Take the information you have gathered and write an article for your company newsletter summarizing your findings and drawing conclusions. The article should be at least 500 words in length and should demonstrate depth of thought as well as originality. The first commercial Internet web site that I am analyzing is the online social networking web site Orkut.   It permits maintaining relationships through pictures, messages, music and videos.   What seem interesting with Orkut are that is permits to establish new connections with people belonging to any part of the world, help to come in contact with old friends and family in any part of the world.   Any individual interested in making friends can open an account on the web site and develop their own profile.   What adds uniqueness to Orkut is the fact that any friend or family member can insert their own testimonials of that person.   In the profile, personal, social and professional information can be demonstrated.  Ã‚   Another unique feature of Orkut is that any person can search for another by simply typing in the name in the search box. MSN is a community web site mainly concerned with email, messaging and social contacting.   This web site is brought out my Microsoft.   The users interested can open an account with the MSN web site and are given an individual username and password.   The user would be getting personalized information from the MSN network.   These include news, sports, weather, local news, etc.   Each user can make changes to the layout, color, themes, etc to the individual web page. Yahoo is a social network web site that mainly provides email, news, searches, messenger, jobs, weather, Horoscope, Health and other information.   The Web site concerns a wide range of areas.   Yahoo has its sources in almost every nation of the world and these provide localized information.   Each user can log into the web site with his or her usernames and password. Google, one of the strongest search engines in the world has extended its services to other areas such as book searches, computation, social network groups, news, maps, etc.   People are mainly attracted towards Google as it search strategy is very strong and would permit the user to use their own initiative whilst search for various aspects in the Internet. Tagged.com is social networking that permits users from various parts of the world to get in contact with old friends and new friends.   It was launched in the year 2004.   The graphic interface of the web site is very appealing and has several innovations such as slides, videos and the music presentation.   It has several reputed news sources such as Wall Street Journal, Business Week Online, Ad week, etc. Travellers Point is a social network that provides personalized information regarding traveling destinations and experiences, photo galleries, blogs, forums, maps, etc.   Users can create their own usernames and passwords on the web site and get upload and download photos and videos of famous travel destinations throughout the world.   The Web site works in association with another organization known as ‘Travel helpers’, which provides expert guidance to travelers. Hikut.com is a social networking web site that provides various features to the users, user such as galleries, blogs, music, videos, polls, groups, quizzes, events, classifieds, etc.   The users can also use several other features on the web site such as chats, interfaces, scrapbook, etc.   The users would have to register on the web site with a user name and a password. Linkedln is a professional social network web site that permits the users to share professional information with other experts and specialists throughout the world.   More than 16 million users have registered from about 150 countries.   Users who have registered include clients, partners and colleagues.   Users can also search for jobs and get in contact with the job seekers. One of the main religious social networking web site in the world is My Church.com.   This web site was launched in 2006 offering services to Catholics in the blogs, forums, messenger services, counseling, calendar events, sermons live telecasts, paying of thanksgivings, etc.   The founders of this web site have combined Internet and technology in a very innovative manner to obtain one of the most advanced Catholic networking web sites in the world. More than 7000 Churches are associated with the web site. One of the major social networking web site in the world concerned with sharing music, videos, photos, etc, is Multiply.   The web site also extends its services to other media other than the Internet including MMS and mobile services.   The web site not only caters to the personal needs of the user, but also to the professional and the academic needs.   Only individuals who are closely related to one another can share media information. Another social networking web site is Friendster that caters to the needs of small circle of friends.   It is utilized more widely in Asia than in any other part of the world.   It has been in competition with several other social networking web sites such as Yahoo 360 and Facebook.   In the year 2006, the web site came out with an innovative discovery, which entitled it a patent.   It demonstrated a method and an online tool to calculate and develop relationships between people. Facebook was a social networking web site launched in the year 2004, meant for the students of Harvard University.   However, as the web site was a strong success, several other universities were added including Boston University, MIT, etc.   Slowly any student belonging to any university in the world was allowed to register on the web site.   More than 58 million users have been registered on the web site.   The site offers the users several features including sending and receiving messages, gifts, placing ads, blogs, etc. References: Facebook (2007). â€Å"Facebook – Home Page.† Retrieved on December 26, 2007, from www.facebook.com Web site. Friendster (2007). â€Å"Friendster – Home Page.† Retrieved on December 26, 2007, from www.friendster.com Web site. Google (2007). â€Å"Google Help Center.† Retrieved on December 26, 2007, from Google Web site: http://www.google.co.in/intl/en/help/features.html HiKut (2007). â€Å"Hikut.† Retrieved on December 26, 2007, from www.hikut.com Web site. LinkedIn (2007). â€Å"Linkedin.† Retrieved on December 26, 2007, from www.linkedin,com Web site. MSN (2007). â€Å"MSN-Home Page.† Retrieved on December 26, 2007, from MSN Web site: http://www.msn.com/ Multiply (2007). â€Å"Multiply – Home Page.† Retrieved on December 26, 2007, from www.multiply.com Web site. My Church (2007). â€Å"My Church – Home Page.† Retrieved on December 26, 2007, from www.Mychurch.org Web site. Orkut (2007). â€Å"About Orkut.† Retrieved on December 26, 2007, from Orkut Web site: http://www.orkut.com/About.aspx Tagged.com (2007). â€Å"Tagged – Home Page.† Retrieved on December 26, 2007, from Tagged.com Web site: www.tagged.com Travellers Point (2007). â€Å"Travellers Point.† Retrieved on December 26, 2007, from www.travellerspoint.com Web site. Yahoo (2007). â€Å"Yahoo Company Information.† Retrieved on December 26, 2007, from Yahoo Web site: http://info.yahoo.com/

Mariano Escobedo :: essays research papers

Mariano Escobedo Mariano Escobedo was a healthy man he was my Grandparents great great grandparent. He was a Mexican General from Mexico. He wanted to govern Mexico, he fought against dynasty and he won. Escobedo fought against the French Invasion in Mexico to govern Mexico. He became a great general who fought against Napoleon III (French.) In Mexico City airport and in Monterey his name is printed and also in some streets of difference parts of Mexico. Mexico had borrowed money from England, France and Spain. In 1861 representatives from this countries got together in London to find a way to get Mexico to pay this countries. Troops from this three countries went to Veracruz in 1862. They were welcomed from representative from Mexico. The general Juan Prim, from Spain accepted the way Mexico was going to pay little by little so as England. The representative from France is not accepted he wanted the money and ordered his troops to prepare to fight. The government of Benito Juarez organize the defens e. He made in charge the general Ignazio Zaragoza to get to Puebla and fight with the French. They attacked each other in the " Fuertes de Loreto y Guadalupe. The troops of Zaragoza, helped from the Indians Zacapoaxtla. In 1862of Mat 5 they won against the French. The emperor from France, Luis Napoleon Bonaparte, wanted to extend his powers in America and in Asia. He dreamed to form a great empire. Mexico took advantage of that situation to peek an European emperor to govern Mexico and to stop the politic anarchy. Luis Napoleon made them recommend Fernando Maximiliano de Habsurgo, brother of the emperor Francisco Jose. Maximiliano accepted his embarkation to Mexico but with her wife, the princess Carlota Amalia de Belgica. Luis Napoleon send his army to wish napoleon luck. Austria and Belgica also send troops. The emperors arrived to Mexico at the end of 1864. In Veracruz, Puebla were great big welcomes. To confront the invaders, to the president Juarez formed a government itin erante, who traveled from the capital to the north border. From this places it continue the position of the millitar action from the armies from the North, West, command from

Individual Health Needs Assignment

My individual health needs assignment will be looking at a task I undertook for my clinical skills assessment. For the assessment I had to take my fellow colleagues blood pressure. This assignment will be looking at the positive and negative skills I have learnt throughout practice and experience; it will also show the areas I need to work on more. My assignment will also look at the importance of respecting my colleague’s needs and preferences. The assignment will also look at the importance of gaining consent from my patient before I carry out any nursing intervention. At the beginning of the assessment I had to give a clear understanding of which I was and the scenario I will be taking part in. I felt my instructions were clear; however I could have spoken louder and slower. Before I carried out my task I washed my hands and cleaned the blood pressure equipment, by doing this I have reduced the risk of infection (Dougherty, Lister 2006). Dougherty et al states hand washing is well researched and uncontroversial having been found to be the single most important procedure for preventing nosocomial infection as hands have been shown to be an important route of infection. The DOH also states hands must be cleaned before and after any nursing intervention (cited Dougherty, Lister2006). I felt my hand washing technique was good as I followed the six hand technique which states, to wash hands correctly you initially have to wash your hands palm to palm, which I did, it also suggests you have to put your right palm over the back of your left palm and vice versa, thirdly palm to palm with bent and spread out fingers. The fourth step of this technique is to wash the outer parts of your bent fingers, fifthly circular rubbing of left thumb in closed right hand which I feel I did not do correctly, and finally is circular rubbing backwards and forwards with closed right hand fingertips in left palm and vice versa ( cited Braun Medical LTD). Although hand washing was good there are still areas for improvement, therefore I will continue to improve this technique by researching more about handwashing,as it is an important technique to get right and it helps stop the spread of infection. I also introduced myself to my colleague by given my name, and what I was going to do. By doing this it would have made my colleague feel comfortable with the procedure. Although I communicated to my colleague I feel I could have spoken to my colleague more, I also feel my non-verbal communication could have been better as I found it hard to look at my colleague. During the scenario I was maintaining a safe environment by ensuring my colleague was sat comfortable, and by placing a pillow under their arm. I also made sure there was a table near my colleague which I could all my equipment on, so she could identify what I was doing. I also made sure I was sitting comfortably and the table was reach of me without me stretching out to get my equipment (Roper et al 2004). I feel the scenario went well, although I could have read more about hand washing, although the technique was good, I could improve this more to stop the spread of infection. I feel my interaction with my colleague throughout the scenario was poor as I did not communicate enough, a and I could of been reassuring my colleague more. After completing the scenario I cleaned the equipment down and disposed of any waste in the correct way To conlude this assignment I have learnt alot by participating in this assessment. I ahve learnt alot about myself and the ares in which I need to improve on. I have also realised the importance of gaining my colleagues consent befor carrying out any mursing intervention. The assessment has also taught me the importance of maintaining my colleagues dignity and respect at all times, and that is more important to treat them as individuals. I since come away from the assessment aware of my mistakes and that I need to improve on my handwashing techniques. I feel the overall assessment was good as I have gained alot my knowledge about the correct a procedure should be undertaken. I have also learnt that it is important as health professionals we ensure our patients/clients are comfortable at all times.

My Thoughts On Ethnicity and race Essay

Race and ethnicity is a very interesting topic to think about. The distinction between race and ethnicity is not always clear to a lot of people. To me race is your physical appearance and ethnicity is your cultural background. My race is white but my ethnicity is Irish and scottish. Although my race is white and someone who is polish might also be white our cultures are not the same. When you are asked to specify race/ethnicity on a form i think it is not fair because there are thousands of things you could potentially be that dont neccesarily fit into the small choice of boxes they give you. I think a lot of people don’t know the difference because race and ethnicity are often listed together leading people to think that they are the same thing I don’t think race and ethnicity should be an issue. Any one person no matter what background they are from was born and will die just the same. It is natural for people to want to group themselves with others who look, speak or behave in similar patterns. Essentially humans are animals and most animals are more comfortable with the familiar. Athough it is natural to group ourselves organically in this way, i dont think having to catogorize yourself into a group on forms and surveys is ever going to help anything. Throughout my life I’ve had a lot of contact with many different ethnicities and races. I went to school where the i was not part of the majority. I was one of the few white people in my class and it was a big issue for me then because being the minority i was treated differently. I was frequently called â€Å"the white girl† by my classmates. At first it bothered me but I became more comfortable. I think being the minority in school helped me learn how to get along with people from different backgrounds. My ability to get along with almost anyone i can attribute to my experience in school. I have also gained a soft spot for anyone getting treated differently for their race or ethnicity. I have heard friends and family make remarks about race but it isnt often that they are positive. A nearby neighborhood is going through a gentrification. The rents in the area have incresed leading people in the area to move into my neighborhood. The people moving in are mostly black and hispanic. Many people are attributing the rise in crime in the area to the people that have been migrating in. Before this migration the neighborhood was mostly Italian, Irish and german. I dont know what to think about this development but i hear a lot of predjudiced things being said that i dont agree with. I think most negative comments come from learned steriotypes. These things can be learned from family, friends or even the media. Many people have the potential to be predjudiced to a certain degree but for the most part i think it is a learned behavior. I believe in the future as races and ethnicities become more and more mixed that prejudice will decrese drastically. Any advantages of stressing these racial and ethnic issues i believe is to try to be fair. One of these advantages is the government requires some companies and schools to hire/accept a certain quota of minorities. This is good because it gives a lot of people opportunities that they might not have gotten because of someone being prejudiced against them. I also think it could be a litte unfair because someone more qualified might not get a spot because of these quotas. I think how you turn out socially, economically, and morally is attributed to your family. If you are from a rich family you are born knowing what having money is like and how to manage it. If you are born poor it is much more difficult to move out of the cycle of poverty. It is because of this that some people see minority communities in a bad light but i just think they are stuck in the cycle of povery. Minority families not so long ago were kept down by racism. Most politicians are prodominantly white at the moment. Once politics become more diverse i think the balance of wealth will begin to shift and ethnicity/race will become less important. Ethnicity and race is a topic of great interest to many people. It affects our laws, advertizing and a plethora of other things. I personally dont feel like it should matter at all what you are on the outside or what culture you have. We are all people and i hope one day that everyone can just treat everyone the same regardless of race or ethnicity.

12 Types of Language

12 Types of Language 12 Types of Language 12 Types of Language By Mark Nichol A variety of terms distinguish the kinds of languages and vocabularies that exist outside the mainstream of standard, formal language. Here are twelve words and phrases that denote specific ideas of language usage. 1. Argot An argot is a language primarily developed to disguise conversation, originally because of a criminal enterprise, though the term is also used loosely to refer to informal jargon. 2. Cant Cant is somewhat synonymous with argot and jargon and refers to the vocabulary of an in-group that uses it to deceive or exclude nonusers. 3. Colloquial Language Anything not employed in formal writing or conversation, including terms that might fall under one or more of most of the other categories in this list, is a colloquialism. Colloquial and colloquialism may be perceived to be pejorative terms, but they merely refer to informal terminology. Colloquial language whether words, idiomatic phrases, or aphorisms is often regionally specific; for example, variations on the term â€Å"carbonated beverage† including soda, pop, and coke differ in various areas of the United States. 4. Creole A creole is a more sophisticated development of a pidgin, derived from two or more parent languages and used by people all ages as a native language. 5. Dialect A dialect is a way of speaking based on geographical or social factors. 6. Jargon Jargon is a body of words and phrases that apply to a specific activity or profession, such as a particular art form or athletic or recreational endeavor, or a medical or scientific subject. Jargon is often necessary for precision when referring to procedures and materials integral to a certain pursuit. However, in some fields, jargon is employed to an excessive and gratuitous degree, often to conceal the truth or deceive or exclude outsiders. Various types of jargon notorious for obstructing rather than facilitating communication are given names often appended with -ese or -speak, such as bureaucratese or corporate-speak. 7. Lingo This term vaguely refers to the speech of a particular community or group and is therefore loosely synonymous with many of the other words in this list. 8. Lingua Franca A lingua franca is a language often adopted as a common tongue to enable communication between speakers of separate languages, though pidgins and creoles, both admixtures of two or more languages, are also considered lingua francas. 9. Patois Patois refers loosely to a nonstandard language such as a creole, a dialect, or a pidgin, with a connotation of the speakers’ social inferiority to those who speak the standard language. 10. Pidgin A simplified language arising from the efforts of people speaking different languages to communicate is a pidgin. These languages generally develop to facilitate trade between people without a common language. In time, pidgins often evolve into creoles. 11. Slang A vocabulary of terms (at least initially) employed in a specific subculture is slang. Slang terms, either invented words or those whose meanings are adapted to new senses, develop out of a subculture’s desire to disguise or exclude others from their conversations. As US society becomes more youth oriented and more homogenous, slang becomes more widespread in usage, and subcultures continually invent new slang as older terms are appropriated by the mainstream population. 12. Vernacular A vernacular is a native language or dialect, as opposed to another tongue also in use, such as Spanish, French, or Italian and their dialects as compared to their mother language, Latin. Alternatively, a vernacular is a dialect itself as compared to a standard language (though it should be remembered that a standard language is simply a dialect or combination of dialects that has come to predominate). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Words for Facial ExpressionsConfusing "Passed" with "Past"20 Clipped Forms and Their Place (If Any) in Formal Writing

Death Be Not Proud Quotes

'Death Be Not Proud' Quotes Death Be Not Proud is a 1949 memoir written by American journalist John Gunther, about his son Johnny, who was a Harvard-bound teenager when he was diagnosed with cancer. He fought bravely to try to help doctors find a cure for his ailment, but died at age 17. The books title comes from a sonnet by metaphysical poet John Donne: Death, be not proud, though some have called theeMighty and dreadful, for thou art not so;For those whom thou thinkst thou dost overthrowDie not, poor Death, nor yet canst thou kill me.From rest and sleep, which but thy pictures be,Much pleasure; then from thee much more must flow,And soonest our best men with thee do go,Rest of their bones, and souls delivery.Thou art slave to fate, chance, kings, and desperate men,And dost with poison, war, and sickness dwell,And poppy or charms can make us sleep as wellAnd better than thy stroke; why swellst thou then?One short sleep past, we wake eternallyAnd death shall be no more; Death, thou shalt die. Here are some quotes and questions for consideration from John Gunthers Death Be Not Proud. God is whats good in me. Johnny Gunther said this at the age of 6, and it shows that even as a small child, he had a desire to do something meaningful and good for the world. Why do you think his father chose to include this in the novel? Does it give us a better understanding of who Johnny is and the person he might have grown up to become? I have so much to do! And theres so little time! Rather than wallow in self-pity, this is Johnnys reaction after the first exam shows the tumor that has been giving him neck pain. He says it to his mother Frances, and it seems to suggest that he knew his diagnosis was terminal. What do you think Johnny meant by saying he had so much to do? A primitive to-the-death struggle of reason against violence, reason against disruption, reason against brute unthinking forcethis was what went on in Johnnys head. What he was fighting against was the ruthless assault of chaos. What he was fighting for, as it were, the life of the human mind. His father realizes that Johnnys battle is not just his own, but that hes seeking answers that will benefit others who may suffer the same illness. But even as he tries to think of a solution, the brain tumor is affecting Johnnys mind and his memory. Oh how tired I feel. What a gut-punch for Johnnys father to read this entry in the young mans diary. Johnny often tried to shield his parents from the depths of his suffering, and even this only touches on a fraction of what he must have been going through at the time. Did this make you think perhaps the treatments Johnny was enduring were not worth the pain he was enduring? Why or why not? Scientists will save us all. Taken out of context, this could be read as an ironic or angry statement about medicines failure to save Johnny from the effects of the brain tumor, but its actually a statement from Johnny himself, written in a final letter to his mother. He feels confident that his battle will not be in vain, and that even if hes not cured, the treatments the doctors tried for him will prompt further study. My grief, I find, is not desolation or rebellion at universal law or deity. I find grief to be much simpler and sadder... All the things he loved tear at my heart because he is no longer here on earth to enjoy them. All the things he loved! The devastating reaction of Johnnys mother Frances as she comes to terms with his death. Do you think this is a feeling commonly shared among the bereaved? How much more acute do you think this feeling is for bereaved parents? These quotes are just one part of our study guide on John Gunthers Death Be Not Proud. See the links below for more helpful resources: Overview of Death Be Not Proud Characters in John Gunthers Death Be Not Proud Terms / Vocabulary Review: Death Be Not Proud Questions for Study Discussion

Minorities in Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Minorities in Management - Term Paper Example In most companies, the more shares one has, the control they exert in the management of the organization. As such, they have powers to make decisions, basing on the influence of their large share volumes that protect their interests, even if the said decisions undermine the rights of minority shareholders. Under such leadership, the minority in the organization do not have a say in the management decisions of the company, thereby putting their investments at risk (Collins, Emsell & Haydon, 2011). Corporate governance dictates that an organization should uphold the rights of all the members of their organization. As such, the management team should comprise of all groups and unique members in the organization. Contrary to this, most management teams only consist of majority groups, those who have power, wealth, and influence to control and manipulate managerial decisions for their own personal benefits. For instance, most management teams comprised of only men. The male dominance in s uch organizations denies the female fraternity in the organization their rights and privileges. In addition, this denies these female counterparts freedom to express their rights freely, as well as, the freedom to advance their careers. Such organizations with gender imbalance form the top of the management team also experiences gender related violence and discrimination within the other levels of the organization, all the way to the lower levels (Maume, 2012). However, numerous scholars in the business industry disagree on the idea of the increase of minority managers within the organization, or within an organizational management. In fact, the argument centers around the possibility of whether an increase in minority managers marks a vacuous or real progress in the gains made towards elimination of racial bias within the labor market. In some cases, the minorities in management are those of a different race, or a different social class or social status within the community, these minority managers and supervisors end up holding very mediocre positions in the company. For instance, the minority in management end up getting job assignments that are less challenging. In addition, they hold positions that are most vulnerable to layoffs compared to those from the majority or major groups (Wrench, 2012). However, some majority groups continuously enjoy protection and favoritism in the organization. Bottom-up ascription processes support the fact that, among subordinates, those minority employees working for or reporting to a minority boss earn a lesser amount of cash compared to the workers under a majority manager. This is despite their high level of commitment to their work and responsibilities at their workplace. Eventually, this leads to lower productivity within the organization because the people who work hard the most in the company get the lowest levels or amounts of compensation. The low remuneration level demotivates these workers, especially those repor ting to minority managers. These workers end up in a go slow or any other industrial action in order to express their dissatisfaction. Others even decide to quit their current positions and search for better employment opportunities in order companies (Collins, Emsell & Haydon, 2011). Resignation of employees results in a high rate of workers turnover, which also drops the productivity levels of the organization, as it will spend more replacing the employees and managers who resign. A company

Problem Intervention Outcome in Hospital Sphere Essay

Problem Intervention Outcome in Hospital Sphere - Essay Example As such the overall incidence of the HAI is relatively large and can become a significant cause of deaths if hospitals fail to actually implement effective hygiene controls within the hospitals. Hand washing is considered as the single most important prevention which can ensure that this infection is reduced and controlled. Frequent hand washing before and after making contacts with the patients is one of the critical steps which should be properly implemented in order to ensure that hospital-acquired infections are reduced. This change proposal will exactly provide a step by step change proposal to implement handwashing in healthcare workers. Through this change proposal, higher management will be pursued to implement this step by step plan in order to implement this change. Management will be requested to actually provide resources as well as the necessary support to implement the changes at the healthcare worker level to ensure reduction in infection. This plan will outline as to how the hospital can actually implement the process of frequently washing hands by the hospital staff in order to reduce the hospital-acquired infection. As discussed above, almost 2 million patients are affected by HAI and one of the single most important precautions which can be implemented in order to reduce the impact of the same. Healthcare workers do not put much effort and focus on frequently washing their hand before and after they come into contact with the patients and other things. Since hospitals have relatively higher risk of acquiring this infection due to different reasons therefore it is critically important that the healthcare workers must follow strict practice of washing their hands. Currently, though this practice is followed but is not implemented properly and many healthcare workers avoid washing their hands properly. This lackluster practice can increase the HAI in our hospital and hence  the overall mortality rates can be higher.  

647 W7 assign Project Monitoring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

647 W7 assign Project Monitoring - Essay Example The third stage responds to any issues or problems detected. The fourth and final stage is outbound communication, keeping people aware of what has happened in the project† (p. 295). For the implementation of mobile application, project proponents are assumed to have undertaken the first stage, which is the collection of information for the current project status. Given that everything stipulated in the implementation phases have been completed, except for integrating thw NLMS to the students’ mobile devices, the information needed to be collected are the access points (mobile numbers of the students) to link their devices to the university’s database. After securing this critical metric, the mobile application with access credentials would be activated, as planned (second stage). Under the third stage, there should be a period to be allotted to address any concerns, issues, or problems related to implementation of mobile application. If any student complaints of the inability to access the site, then, appropriate measures should be undertaken to correct this. Finally, an official memorandum should be issued by the Project Manager to all students, faculty members, support personnel, and the board of directors to communicate that multiple phases, including the mobile application, has been undertaken and is currently duly working according to plans. Another method to communicate the results would be through a formal report to the board of directors or through project status meetings (Kendrick, 2003). The progressive case study was an effective method to inculcate theories from the required textbook to practical applications, using GU as the simulation for real-life scenario. The case study was structured in a strategic manner to enable students to focus on needed concepts, depending on the topic areas that should be imbibed as consistent with the learning objectives of the course.

E-Collaboration for E-Businesses

E-Collaboration for E-Businesses 1. Working Title How does the development of e-collaboration provide e-businesses with a competitive advantage? 2. Introduction E-Collaboration, a relatively new concept that is shaping the way we do business. The development of this model has seen recent advances in inter-enterprise software and communication technologies which are shaping the way for digitalisation, mass communication, and globalisation. This emerging business tool has the ability to change the traditional foundations of business relationships. This report explores the concept of developing e-collaboration for e-businesses and the competitive advantage it provides to B2B (Business to Business), through the means of secondary qualitative research, books, journals, the internet and shared company information. 3. Literature Review 3.1 Defining E-Collaboration Goonatilake et al. (2009) state that e-collaboration is the use of internet and related technologies to assist distant clients in exchanging information for interactions between suppliers and customers, and everyone in between to move trade forward. Kock (2002) supports the aforementioned definition by identifying e-collaboration at an operational level as being a collaboration utilising electronic technologies amongst different individuals to achieve a common goal. E-Collaboration is a tool that breaks the boundaries of activities involving buying and selling. As cited in Samtani (2002, p.8) The Gartner Group believed that by 2005 nearly half of all Web-based commerce would be collaborative. Not only has collaboration become firmly established within many businesses it has changed many business models to incorporate B2B (Business to Business) integrations. The reasons for companies utilising e-commerce are mainly driven by the need to share resources and information. Wanga, Y. (Unknown, p.3) states that in collaborating the participating companies are sharing the supply chain the cost reduction, JIT process automation, increased potential opportunities on partnership, and the flexibility and adaptability. Samtani (2002, p.9) concurs with the above reasons for collaborating believing that it leads to shared databases, open tracking systems, enhanced inter-enterprise visibility and cooperation, streamlined business processes, new cost efficiencies and an expanded customer base for every collaborative partner. 3.2 B2B Model IPC E-Business Supply chain committee (2000) state The business-to-business (B2B) model is much more complex compared to the business-to commerce (B2C) model, which is more prevalent today. B2B spans the full spectrum of business processes, from raw material to the consumer. IPC E-Business Supply chain committee (2000) The diagram visualises the key elements of an e-collaborated e-business and its ability to manage end-to-end business transactions. As the trend towards outsourcing in the electronics industry continues to develop it is essential that all the main components are interlined: OEMs, EMS Providers, PCB Fabricators, Raw Material Suppliers and Component Suppliers to allow for automated processes. 3.2 Extranet Extranet is the term used for a private network within an organisation and other clients/suppliers who have access rights. Extranets have the ability to automate processes improving the business relationships. Businesses are currently more pressured into online ordering and inventory management because of their attractive benefits. Information is freely available 24/7 making communication easier between suppliers. Any changes needed to be made are simple in comparison to the traditional slow paper form saving time. Inventory and order processing can be easily changed without the delay of the post. Another added benefit of utilising an extranet is a much more effective collaboration and synchronization between clients. (Benefits of intranets and extranets, 2009) Business becomes more flexible with negotiable working hours because of their ordering system being connected 24/7. 3.3 EDI and API EDI is a tool that can be used by business to communicate with other businesses or suppliers. It reduces the need for paper documentation and reduces cycle time dramatically. PCMag.com, (Accessed November 2009) define it as being the electronic communication of business transactions, such as orders, confirmations and invoices, between organizations. API is the application that enables EDI. It is a platform that connects the companies together and standardises the layout of the data being transmitted so that it becomes meaningful to both parties involved. 3.4 Outsourcing Outsourcing is defined as the process of shifting/delegating/transferring a service/process/function to a third-parties/external service provider which would otherwise be an in-house function/service/process.'(CyberVillage.com, Accessed November 2009). Utilising outsourcing can be a crucial advantage to companies such as Dell, Nissan and Cummins. If the companies can source another company to make a component needed for the end product at a price that allows them to still have a viable profit margin, then this prevents the need to buy in the equipment and the expertise to do so. 3.5 The use of Web 2.0 Web 2.0 can be used as a means of selling products to customers and suppliers. This can be split into two categories of selling B2B or B2C. Websites such as eBay and Amazon.com can be used by businesses to sell directly to customers using a B2C model. Other websites such as nationalrail.co.uk can be used by 3rd party companies to sell train tickets on behalf of many train providers such as VirginTrains and the Eurostar. 3.6 Output of developing E-Collaboration for E-Businesses E-business collaboration allows businesses to have an active role in all aspects of its customer sales and marketing experience, from shopping and product configuration to fulfilment and feedback. Internet-enabled collaboration is creating a fundamental divide in the practice of global business and the management structures that guides it. http://www.industryweek.com/articles/e-business__e-collaboration_674.aspx Collaborated e-businesses pose the risk factor for many managers of organisations who have not adopted the collaboration phenomenon as old strategies do not constitute a sustainable competitive advantage. The managers of e-collaborated businesses are achieving industry advantages by adhering to two main characteristics (1) lowering interaction cost with the use of the internet and (2) they are primarily focused on the part of the value chain where they have a prominent advantage. With the business focused on the prominent advantage of creating an effective demand-driven (or customer driven) supply chain, e-collaboration has aided in providing the necessary tools and processes needed to manage the large of amount of information being shared throughout the cycle. Cost Reductions Globalisation Joint product development Another strategic imperative for collaboration is emerging from a basic transformation in discrete manufacturing. As the build-to-demand model replaces yesterdays build-to-stock paradigm, the ability to collaborate with customers and suppliers at a product engineering level becomes a primary competitive tool. It is a need that has been transforming the product strategies of companies that were once known only for their ability to deliver CAD/CAM solutions. This online collaboration will allow your active participation in all aspects of your customers sales and marketing experience, from shopping and product configuration to fulfillment and feedback. Short-term rewards include reduced costs through process automation and efficiencies. Long-term rewards include increased revenue, greater customer and partner loyalty, and the ability to create strong sell-side partnerships that help differentiate products E-business offers the opportunity for businesses to establish new competitive standards by expanding distribution channels, integrating external and internal processes, and offering a cost-effective method of providing products and services. The Internet provides online businesses with the ability to reach a global audience and to operate with a minimal infrastructure, reducing overhead, and providing greater economies of scale, while providing customers and businesses with a broad selection, increased pricing power, and unparalleled convenience. Impact On Key Value Drivers These changing economic assumptions within the context of the electronic economy have direct impact on economic value-add for manufacturers. Three primary value levers are exercised through the adoption of e-business. The associated value propositions can be quite compelling and span many of the key dimensions of business performance and success. In this context, e-business is clearly much more than just an electronic sales channel or an MRO procurement alternative, as many have defined it to be. Those who have been willing to adopt an e-business perspective are seeing tangible economic results. 15 All of the new tools of collaboration promote a model for manufacturing in which an enterprise is no longer inhibited by size or lack of it. And the collapsing of time and distance means that many of the old rules for corporate structure and strategy are being rewritten. Teresko, J. (2000) Aims Objectives To investigate the available tools to develop e-collaboration for an e-business, in order to achieve a competitive advantage. In order to achieve this aim the following objectives will be met: Investigate the use of e-collaboration for e-business Investigate the tools used to collaborate e-businesses API EDI Extranet Web 2.0 Understand the use of e-collaboration in small B2B and large B2B Explore the use of e-collaboration for Nissan and Renault and Google and Microsoft Case Studies Amazon.com   case study? Alliance between companies. For example Microsoft and Google. Are they going to buy out Google or collaborate to provide a better service to their customers? Effect on travel and transport? Retailers being able to provide train times from national rail through ADI. Analysis Successful example of E-Collaboration Nissan and Renault Nissan and Renault are one of the most formidable e-collaborations. Beginning in 1999 when Nissan UK was facing financial difficulties, Renault bought out 44.3% of the shares in Nissan. Nissan bought 15% of Renault shares but hold no voting rights. They also created the Renault-Nissan Alliance team, with both parties owning a 50% share. The two companies share their purchasing and information services as shown below. This partnership is successful due to many factors. Nissan are one of the leading petrol car manufacturers and Renault specialise in diesel. The Alliance have together co-developed common engines and gearboxes. These include a six-speed manual gearbox and a new V6 diesel engine. The Alliance also interchanges existing engines or gearboxes. For example, the Nissan 3.5-litre engine is used in the Renault Laguna and Renault 1.5 litre diesel engine is used in the Nissan Qashqai. In total, the Alliance share eight engines that are commonly used throughout the range of Nissan and Renault cars. Renault originally had no plant in South America, however from day one of the merger Renault have been able to utilise Nissans plant in Aguascalientes Mexico. Renault now produces the Clio for Mexico and Latin America. The Clio can be produced along side Nissans Platina as they share a similar architecture which drives down production and inventory costs. Nissan and Renault still however remain distinct recognisable brands which appeals to the customers. Nissan and Renault share their purchasing and information services. Within the RNIS (Renault-Nissan Information Services) the companies share a WAN, service providers and hardware. They also share systems e.g. Packaging Visibility System (PVS) that standardises the return of returnable packaging between shared suppliers, thus saving money. Outsourcing Dell spend a minimal 1.1% of their annual revenue on research and development, preferring to outsource various components to suppliers they collaborate with. They collaborate rather than compete with companies to provide customers with innovative ideas. This is vastly different to the methodology adopted by HP who invest 4.6%.of their annual revenue in research and developing components. This has previously given Dell the competitive advantage and enabled Dell to dominate the computer market. Outsourcing can be beneficial to companies who focus on other areas of production rather than research and development of specific components. Companies who outsource may pay a premium for buying in ready made components for their end product; however they compensate for that area of expenditure by ensuring they produce a very high quality end result that will attract customers. Outsourcing saves production time. If the business and their suppliers can successfully implement JIT (Just in Time) and components are delivered as per demand for the manufacturing line this will drive down product time. The increased number of products being manufactured within the same company in the same plant also increases the possibility of delays in such cases as a mainframe failures and machinery malfunctions. Out of house outsourcing can eliminate such problems. Nissan outsources to both in-house and out of house suppliers. They have improved their logistics by relocating many of their suppliers in-house, saving the time taken to get the components to the line and reduced the cost of transportation. To successfully outsource companies need to have confidence and trust in the suppliers. Nissan for example has implemented SAIS (Supplier Appraisal and Improvement System). This awards the suppliers demerits for mistakes such as parts mislabelled and accuracy percentages for delivery times. This allows Nissan remain in control over its suppliers and with the control reoccurring mistakes can be highlighted so that action can be taken. Nokia have recently published a press release in November 2009 to recall its mobile phone chargers that are produced by a third party supplier. The charger has a fault which can result in an electric shock. This can severely affect the client base of Nokia due to the inefficiencies of their supplier, customers may lose faith in Nokia and question how much of their outsourced components are quality assured by Nokia. Therefore ultimately meaning Nokia lose their competitive advantage in the mobile phone market. EDI and API Nissan Case Study Utilising EDI for communication between collaborated companies can provide numerous advantages. Sending an electronic message cross-country or globally requires only seconds or minutes instead of days. It can be agreed between the companies for the data to be sent in a certain format that can be instantaneously uploaded on the receiving companys system. Data files can be frequently communicated throughout a day between a company and a supplier via EDI; this is advantageous to a company dealing with a rapid stock turnover like manufacturing companies. The sending and receiving of information electronically can be of great benefit to a supplier too. The suppliers of NMUK (Nissan Manufacturing UK) will receive much earlier notification of NMUKs delivery requirements. This can be used by the supplier to enable them to minimise their inventory holding, improve their production scheduling and prepare in advance for logistics collections if necessary. NMUK also use EDI transmissions for the Self-Invoicing System. The objective is to have all suppliers who receive orders from Nissan by EDI to also be active for self-invoicing. This is saving Nissan money as they are not physically sending out the invoices. It is also reducing the possible errors caused by manual intervention may have when data needs to be input from one system onto another. Bibliography The effectiveness of using e-collaboration tools in the supply chain: an assessment study with system dynamics Oscar Rubiano Ovallea, Adolfo Crespo Marquezb,* a Escuela de Ing. Industrial y Estad!Ä ±stica, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia b Industrial Management, School of Engineering, University of Seville, Seville, Spain Received 1 February 2002; received in revised form 21 October 2002; accepted 18 January 2003 Goonatilake, R. Herath, S., Hearth, A., Tyska C.K. (2009) E-collaboration issues in global trade, transactions and pratices, European Journal of Scientific Research, 34 (3), p.326 [Online]. Available at: http://www.eurojournals.com/ejsr_34_3_04.pdf (Accessed: 02 December 2009). Samtani, G. (2002) B2B Integration A practical guide to collaborative E-commerce. London. Imperial College Press. IPC E-Business Supply chain committee(2000) The myths of E-commerce. An IPC White Paper Report p.5. Open Access [online] Available at: http://www.ipc.org/4.0_Knowledge/4.1_Standards/E-CommerceWhitePaper.pdf (see page 5) (Accessed : 29 November 2009). Teresko, J. (2000) Internet tools allow manufactures to join forces to enhance individual strenghts, Industry Weekly, 12 June [Online] Available at: http://www.industryweek.com/articles/e-business__e-collaboration_674.aspx (Accessed: 29 November 2009). Wanga, Y. (Unknown) A literature review. p.3, Open Access [online] Available at: http://conference.iproms.org/sites/conference.iproms.org/files/PID172674.pdf (Accessed: 27 November 2009).

Alice Munro :: Biography Biographies Essays

Alice Munro Alice Munro’s fiction receives its strength from her vivid sense of regional focus, the majority of her stories take place in Huron County, Ontario, and through the sense of her narrators she illuminates and gives personal significance to each story. Many of Munro’s themes are centered around adolescent girls dealing with the ideas of loving, growing up, and losing innocence in a small town. Munro steps away from the adolescent girl and in her most recent work focuses on problems of the middle aged, such as women alone and those of the elderly. Munro is most famous for her works that deal with the adolescent girl and it has been said that Lives of Girls and Women is nearer her autobiography than it is a work of fiction. Munro has been known to say it is "autobiographical in form, but not in fact." As mentioned above many of Munro’s themes are centered around young girls, but the overlying theme is power. Munro defines the power of her artistic vision as the direc t result of her lack of power as a woman. Munro state’s "A subject race has a kind of clarity of vision and I feel that women have always had a clarity of vision which men were denied. And, in a way, this is a gift, it goes along with lack of power." At the end of Lives of Girls and Women, Del, the narrator, is trying to write fiction but finally rejects her unwritten novel as an "unreliable structure." The Lives of Girls and Women is a novel that focuses on the young Del Jordan, who is struggling with the problems of becoming a young woman. Munro takes the reader through Del’s carefree childhood to an uneasy adolescence in search of love and sexual experience. Munro’s ability to use Del as the narrator and to capture the perfection of local speech makes the reader feel that it is not Del’s life that is being told, but every young adolescent girl’s. In Lives of Girls and Women, Munro uses metaphors to organize the sequences of the fiction into a larger picture.. Metaphors of fire and electric power are used to associate fleshly humiliation of death and in Lives of Girls and Women are associated with sexual experience as in the climatic chapter "Baptizing." The most pronounced metaphor Munro uses is that of drowning. Munro uses a splitting metaphor to describe two kinds of power, sexual power and the power of death.

Josef Ackermann Essay

Using Darling and Leffel’s (2010) framework, this essay will evaluate on how Josef Ackermann demonstrated his leadership style as a Swiss banker, the former Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Deutsche Bank and Chairman of Zurich Insurance. As defined by Peter Northouse (2001), leadership is a process, in which an individual influences a group to achieve a common goal. And to achieve that goal, a visionary leader should put forth much effort to critically apply his leadership skills and knowledge. In general, leadership is more than management. To be successful, a leader has to be strategic, show motivation and innovation, and should be flexible and focused on systems and structures. (Lussier & Achua, 2010). The basic interactive dimensions of assertiveness and responsiveness form two axes of the Darling and Leffel leadership styles paradigm, the four primary quadrants represent the four styles: Analyser, Connector, Director and Creator. It should also be mentioned that different situations require accurate application of different leadership styles. According to Lussier and Achua (2010) there are four key leadership theories: Autocratic, with job-centred (task-initiating structure) behaviour that focuses on the leader who is taking control in order to get the job done quickly (Professional Organizations, n.d.); Laissez-Faire, a style that depicts an inert leader who is averse to stimulating subordinates or giving focus (Deluga, 1990); Participative (democratic),a style in which leaders empower their employees in the decision-making process by meeting with them periodically and listening and trusting them (UCF, n.d.); and Transactional, one that asserts that people will follow leaders who are inspirational as the leader develops a vision, sells the vision and leads the way (Taylor, 2009). Of the four main leadership styles outlined by Darling and Leffel (2010), Josef Ackermann, reputed as the most powerful banker in Europe, could be regarded as Analyser and Director. The author describes the Analyser leadership style as having a low level of assertiveness and responsiveness. Analysers are self-controlled, logical, objective, well-organized and generally leaders who prefer analysis over emotion. Also, the Analyser can be inflexible and formal, prefer clarity and order and tend to resist compromise in problem situations. Furthermore, Analyser-type leaders often find their career tracks in the finance field, very much like Ackermann (Darling & Leffel, 2010). Josef Ackermann charted his own course throughout his life, described as a man of integrity that has acquired huge influence over E.U. finances. As an objective chairman of Deutsche bank, 134-year-old Deutsche Bank became the world’s seventh-largest bank in terms of revenue in 2003. Deutsche bank was ranked 12 th in mergers and acquisitions and 21st in terms of market capitalization (Guyon, 2004). As an Analyser, a lot of people see him as a systematic, formal, ambitious and deliberate lead-by-example leader. In addition to having an Analyser style, Ackermann, could also be described as having a Director-leadership style that shows low level of emotional responsiveness (Darling & Leffel, 2010). Such leaders tend to be results-oriented, objective, independent and pragmatic. The authors state that Directors often find their way into positions of authority and central decision-making in organisations. They are firm and forceful leaders, confident, competitive, decisive and generally willing to take risk. In Ackermann’s effort to turn Deutsche Bank from a German lender into a global competitor, he eliminated results-oriented 14,470 jobs and cut costs by one-third by closing retail branches and outsourcing management of the bank’s computer systems and real estate (Schlager, 2005). Ackermann showed the ability to take high risk, but was especially emotionless for his o wn benefit. On the other hand, he personifies therefore for a lot of people the arrogance and greediness of the banking sector. One of his biggest goals was turning Deutsche Bank into one of the world’s top three advisers on mergers and acquisitions and returning its status to the top ten in market value (Guyon , 2004). As a Director-level leader, Josef Ackermann has been well regarded and  recognised by many as a successful and effective manager and leader, shifting the style of management from a conventional mode to one that focused on the needs of shareholders and on international expansion (Mitchell, 2010). According to Lussier and Achua (2010), leaders such as Ackermann are able to take swift and decisive action, even in the most difficult situations, and take calculated risks while persevering in the face of failure. Strong communication skills, self-confidence, the ability to manage others and willingness to embrace change also characterize a successful leader. Ackermann has also been a member of the influential Washington-based financial advisory body, the Group of Thirty and also served on other company boards, including Bayer AG, Deutsche Lufthansa AG, Linde, Mannesman, and Siemens AG. Ackermann changed the distribution of power within Deutsche Bank, resulting in criticism from traditionalists and praise from those who shared his global focus, allowing him to become the most powerful man in Germany’s financial industry (Loades-Carter, 2005). Ackermann successful steered his bank through the 2008 global financial crisis. Quoted in his speech before the Atlantic Council, ‘Germany will ultimately take whatever steps [are] necessary to keep the euro zone intact’ (Robb, 2012). It is unusual to find all four styles in one leader. However, it is important for leaders to be aware of their weaknesses. The Director can become dominating and insensitive while weaknesses of the Analyser are perfectionism and inflexibility. Leadership style has a major impact on the success of an organisation. Without Josef Ackermann ´s determination, focus and vision as a Director and Analyser, Deutsche Bank, may not have become one of the world ´s leading financial services with global focus. Being a symbol of German financial might, he is at the centre of more concentric circles of power than any other banker on the Continent. He has successfully led Deutsche for a decade during the global financial crisis and euro zone debt turmoil. From this seat at the nexus of money and politics, Ackermann, for better or worse, is helping to shape Europe’s economic and financial future. He seems such a fixture that it is hard to imagine Germany without him (Ewing & Alderman, 2011 ). References: Darling, J. & Leffel, A. (2010). Developing the leadership team in an Entrepreneurial Venture: A Case of Focusing on the Importance of Styles: Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 23(3), 355-371. Deluga, R. (1990). The Effects of Transformational, Transactional, and Laissez Faire Leadership Characteristics on Subordinate Influencing Behavior. Basic & Applied Social Psychology, 11(2), 191-203. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database. Ewing, J. & Alderman, L. (2011). Deutsche Bank’s Chief Casts Long Shadow in Europe. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/12/business/12bank.html?pagewanted=all Guyon J., 2004, The trials of Josef Ackermann, Fortune Europe, 149( 2), 111-114. Loades-Carter, J. (2005). FT.com site: Profile: Josef Ackermann. FT.Com,1. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/docview/228871346?accountid=14543. Lussier, R., & Achua, C. (2004). Leadership Theory, Application, Skill Development. Minnesota: Southwestern. Mitchell, J. (2010). The last hurrah for deutsche bank CEO Josef Ackermann. Institutional Investor, Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/docview/221507850?accountid=14543. Northouse, Peter G. (2001). Leadership Theory and Practice, second edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Professional Organizations: Leadership. List and explain the styles of leadership used by effective leaders. D.O. CAPS. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.temple.edu/cte/research/DOCAPS/DOCAPS_09.pdf. Robb, G. (2012). MarketWatch, â€Å"German[y] will rescue euro zone: Ackermann† Schlager N. (ed.). International Directory of Business Biographies, vol.1- A-E (2005) (466s). Taylor, R. (2009). Leadership theories and the development of nurses in primary healthcare. Primary Health Care, 19(9), 40-46. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database. University of Central Florida, (n.d.). Advantages and Disadvantages of the Leadership Styles. Retrieved from mhtml:file://E:UCFAdvantages and Disadvantages of the Leadership Styles.mht.